To propagate white ash trees, you can use cuttings (hardwood or root), layering, or seeds, with cuttings and layering being more reliable than seeds. 

Here’s a more detailed breakdown:

1. Cuttings:

  • Timing: Late fall or early winter is ideal for taking hardwood cuttings from dormant trees. 
  • Selection: Choose healthy, pencil-thick root cuttings or suckers (branches growing from the roots). 
  • Preparation: Cut root cuttings into 2-6 inch segments. 
  • Dip the cut end in rooting hormone.  Plant in a mix of perlite and soil, ensuring the top end is just below the surface. 
  • Care: Maintain consistent moisture without overwatering, and keep cuttings in a cool, shaded area. 

2. Layering:

  • Timing: Summer (June-August) is a good time to propagate from suckers.
  • Method:
    • Find “sucker” branches growing from the roots or lower trunk.
    • Plant the sucker in a well-drained pot with soil and mulch.
    • You can add rooting hormone to encourage growth. 

3. Seeds:

  • Collection: Collect seeds (samaras) from healthy trees in late summer or early fall.
  • Pretreatment:
    • Soak seeds in cold water for 48 hours, changing the water after the first day.
    • Mix seeds with equal parts horticultural sand or a sand/compost mixture.
  • Stratification:
    • Store the seed/sand mixture in a pot outdoors for 18 months.
    • Water the pots if they show signs of drying out and protect from birds and mice.
  • Sowing: Sow the seeds in the second spring following collection. 

Tips for Success:

  • Vigor: Use cuttings or suckers from vigorous and robust parent plants. 
  • Rooting Hormone: Applying the right concentration of rooting hormone can significantly enhance root development. 
  • Patience: Ash seeds can take several years to sprout, so be patient. 
  • Seed Stratification: Stratifying seeds (storing them at cool temperatures) can help them sprout more quickly. 
  • Protection: Protect seedlings from animals and harsh weather.